# Sanitary Pad Raw Materials: Composition and Manufacturing Process

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials and the manufacturing process behind these products can provide insight into their functionality, safety, and environmental impact. This article delves into the composition of sanitary pads and the steps involved in their production.

## Composition of Sanitary Pad Raw Materials

Sanitary pads are made from a combination of materials, each serving a specific purpose to ensure comfort, absorbency, and protection. The primary raw materials include:

– **Top Sheet**: This is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It is typically made from non-woven fabric or perforated film, designed to be soft and allow quick absorption of menstrual fluid.
– **Absorbent Core**: The core is the most critical part of the pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is usually made from a blend of wood pulp and superabsorbent polymers (SAP), which can hold several times their weight in liquid.
– **Back Sheet**: The back sheet is the outermost layer of the pad, made from a waterproof material like polyethylene or polypropylene. It prevents leakage and keeps the pad in place.
– **Adhesive**: A thin layer of adhesive is applied to the back sheet to keep the pad securely attached to the underwear.
– **Release Paper**: This is a protective layer that covers the adhesive before the pad is used. It is removed just before application.
– **Wings (Optional)**: Some pads come with wings, which are additional flaps that fold over the sides of the underwear for extra security. These are usually made from the same material as the top sheet.

## Manufacturing Process of Sanitary Pads

The manufacturing process of sanitary pads involves several steps, each requiring precision and adherence to hygiene standards. Here’s an overview of the process:

1. **Material Preparation**: The raw materials are prepared and inspected for quality. The top sheet, absorbent core, and back sheet are cut to the required dimensions.
2. **Core Formation**: The absorbent core is formed by blending wood pulp and SAP. This mixture is then compressed and shaped into the core of the pad.
3. **Layer Assembly**: The top sheet, absorbent core, and back sheet are assembled in layers. The top sheet is placed on top of the absorbent core, and the back sheet is placed underneath.
4. **Adhesive Application**: Adhesive is applied to the back sheet, and the release paper is attached to protect the adhesive until the pad is used.
5. **Wing Attachment (if applicable)**: If the pad has wings, they are attached at this stage. The wings are folded over the sides of the pad and secured with adhesive.
6. **Cutting and Shaping**: The assembled pad is cut into the desired shape and size. The edges are sealed to prevent leakage.
7. **Packaging**: The finished pads are packaged in individual wrappers and then boxed for distribution. Packaging is done in a sterile environment to maintain hygiene.
8. **Quality Control**: Throughout the manufacturing process, quality control checks are conducted to ensure that the pads meet safety and performance standards. This includes testing for absorbency, leakage, and comfort.

## Environmental Considerations

The production and disposal of sanitary pads have significant environmental implications. Traditional pads are often made from non-biodegradable materials, contributing to landfill waste. However, there is a growing trend towards eco-friendly alternatives, such as pads made from organic cotton, biodegradable materials, and reusable cloth pads. Manufacturers are also exploring ways to reduce the environmental impact by using sustainable raw materials and improving recycling processes.

## Conclusion

Sanitary pads are complex products made from a variety of raw materials, each playing a crucial role in their functionality. The manufacturing process involves multiple steps, from material preparation to packaging, all conducted under strict hygiene standards. As awareness of environmental issues grows, the industry is evolving to include