By 2050, a majority of U.S. coastal areas—including urban centers such as Baltimore, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Boston—will likely be threatened by 30 or more days of flooding each year due to dramatically accelerating sea level rise, according to a new study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

The paper, “From the Extreme to the Mean: Acceleration and Tipping Points for Coastal Inundation due to Sea Level Rise,” was published Thursday in the American Geophysical Union’s online peer-reviewed journal Earth’s Future.

Taking into account recent projections for global sea level rise as well as local factors such as frequency of storms and the settling or sinking of land, the NOAA scientists found that ‘nuisance flooding’—defined by NOAA’s National Weather Service as flooding between one to two feet above local high tide—will cross a tipping point over the next several decades.

“Coastal communities are beginning to experience sunny-day nuisance or urban flooding, much more so than in decades past,” said NOAA oceanographer William Sweet, who co-authored the paper. “This is due to sea level rise. Unfortunately, once impacts are noticed, they will become commonplace rather quickly. We find that in 30 to 40 years, even modest projections of global sea level rise—1½ feet by the year 2100—will increase instances of daily high tide flooding to a point requiring an active, and potentially costly response, and by the end of this century, our projections show that there will be near-daily nuisance flooding in most of the locations that we reviewed.”

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